What causes knee pain?
The knee is a weight-bearing joint that depends on cartilage, ligaments, tendons and the meniscus working together. Pain can come from any of these structures. Common causes include:
- Osteoarthritis — gradual cartilage wear, usually with stiffness that is worse after rest.
- Meniscus tears — often from twisting; may cause catching or locking.
- Ligament injuries — including ACL and other sports injuries, typically after a sudden change of direction or impact.
- Tendon problems — such as patellar tendinopathy, common in running and jumping sports.
- Kneecap (patellofemoral) pain — often felt at the front of the knee on stairs or when sitting for long periods.
- Inflammatory arthritis — where joint pain is part of a wider condition.
Symptoms that are worth checking
How knee pain is diagnosed
Diagnosis starts with your history — how the pain began, what makes it worse, and how it affects daily activity — followed by a clinical examination of movement, stability and alignment.
Examination
Movement, stability, swelling and tenderness.
X-ray
Shows joint space, alignment and arthritis changes.
MRI
Used when a ligament or meniscus injury is suspected.
Treatment options
Most knee problems are managed without surgery in the first instance. Treatment is matched to the diagnosis, your activity level and how much the knee limits you.
Non-surgical approaches
- Activity modification and a structured physiotherapy programme
- Strengthening of the muscles that support the knee
- Weight management, which meaningfully reduces load through the joint
- Medication or injections where clinically appropriate
Surgical options
- Arthroscopy for certain meniscus and ligament problems
- Ligament reconstruction after significant injury
- Partial or total knee replacement for advanced arthritis that has not responded to other treatment
When to see an orthopaedic specialist
Seek prompt medical attention if you cannot bear weight, the knee looks deformed, there is severe swelling straight after an injury, or you have fever with a hot, swollen joint.
Otherwise, a specialist review is sensible if pain persists beyond a few weeks, keeps returning, or is stopping you doing things you normally would.
Common questions
When should I see an orthopaedic surgeon for knee pain?
Consider a specialist assessment if knee pain lasts more than a few weeks, if the knee swells, locks, gives way or cannot bear weight, or if pain follows an injury. Sudden severe pain, deformity or inability to walk needs prompt medical attention.
Does every knee problem need surgery?
No. Many knee problems improve with activity modification, physiotherapy, weight management, medication or injections. Surgery is generally considered when symptoms persist despite non-surgical treatment, or when the structural problem is unlikely to improve without it.
When is an MRI needed for knee pain?
An MRI is usually considered when a soft-tissue injury such as a ligament or meniscus tear is suspected, or when symptoms do not settle and the diagnosis remains unclear after examination and X-rays. It is not required for every case of knee pain.
Where to consult Dr. Paresh R. Wadile
Consultations are available at:
- Prachi Hospital, Vasant Vihar — Daily, 7:30 PM – 8:30 PM
- Param Hospital & ICU, Gokul Nagar — Daily, 6:00 PM – 7:30 PM
Book an assessment
If knee pain is limiting your daily activity, a consultation can clarify the cause and the options available to you.
Medical disclaimer: This page provides general information about knee pain and is not a diagnosis or a personal treatment recommendation. Symptoms vary between individuals. Please consult a qualified doctor for advice about your own condition.